Angular

This documentation provides a step-by-step guide to prepare a Single Page Application (SPA) that was built using Angular for deploying it in any cloud using LocalOps.

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Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you will need the following:

• Node.js, v20.15.1 at the time of writing this doc.
• npm as a package manager for installing and maintaining dependencies. This usually comes bundled with Node.js.
• A foundational knowledge of Angular.
• Angular CLI for a development server and building optimized static assets for production.
• Nginx to serve static assets and also act as a reverse proxy server.
• Docker to build standalone containers to serve your production app.

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Installing the Angular CLI

You’ll need to install the Angular CLI to scaffold a new project. Open a terminal and run the following command:

npm install -g @angular/cli

If you are having issues running this command in Windows or Unix, check out the CLI docs for more info.

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Scaffolding the Angular app

In your terminal, run the CLI command ng new with the desired project name. In the following examples, we’ll be using the example project name of angular-project.

ng new <project-name>

Follow the prompts to create your first app. When prompted with the question Do you want to enable Server-Side Rendering (SSR) and Static Site Generation?, proceed with N (no), since this guide focuses only on single-page applications. We’ll cover SSR in another guide.

If you have more questions, check out the Angular installation guide to learn more about scaffolding the app.

Once the application is ready, navigate to the directory and install all the dependencies:

cd angular-project # replace with the name of the project you created

All of your dependencies should be installed at this point (which you can verify by checking for the existence of a node_modules folder in your project), so you can start your project by running the command:

npm start

If everything is successful, you should see a similar confirmation message in your terminal:

Watch mode enabled. Watching for file changes...
NOTE: Raw file sizes do not reflect development server per-request transformations.
 ➜ Local: http://localhost:4200/
 ➜ press h + enter to show help

Now you can visit the path in Local (e.g., http://localhost:4200) to see your application.

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Building Your Production App

When it is time to deploy your app for production, simply run:

npm run build

This will compile your TypeScript code to JavaScript, as well as optimize, bundle, and minify the output as appropriate. The result of this build process is output to a directory (dist/${PROJECT_NAME} by default).

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Configuring nginx

Once the application is built for production, we need a static web server to serve those files. For that purpose, we are using [Nginx]. Nginx is an open-source HTTP and reverse proxy server.

server {
    listen ${PORT};
    server_name _;

    location / {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }

    # skip this block if you don't have a backend yet
    location /api/ {
        proxy_pass http://{BACKEND_HOST}:${BACKEND_PORT};
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
}

Create this file nginx.conf.template in the root of your project. We won’t be using this template now; we’ll use it to run the Nginx server inside the Docker container.

Note two important blocks in this configuration:

location / {
  root /usr/share/nginx/html;
  try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}

This block serves the index.html from the files we built using Ember, stored in the /usr/share/nginx/html folder. We will copy the assets to this folder while building the Docker application.

And then the API block:

location /api/ {
    proxy_pass http://{BACKEND_HOST}:${BACKEND_PORT};
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}

A typical non-static web application usually will have a backend, and we make AJAX requests using fetch or libraries like axios to get/send data to retrieve/store the application state.

Assume that the site we built is being served by nginx via the domain example.com. Whenever an API call is made to example.com/api, the nginx server acts as a reverse proxy server and forwards the request to the backend server.

You can use reverse proxying to navigate the traffic that is inbound to nginx. The reverse proxy server also acts as a mask, hiding the real backend from the outside world.

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Create the Docker Image

Dockerizing makes the app run anywhere, agnostic of the platform. As long as Docker is installed, whether it’s Windows, Mac, or Linux, it can run with the same behavior.

Before creating the Dockerfile, let’s create a .dockerignore file and add the contents that should not be copied over to the Docker file system.

Dockerfile
.dockerignore
node_modules
npm-debug.log
README.md
.git

Read more about .dockerignore here.

Now, create a Dockerfile. The Dockerfile is a text file that contains the instructions for Docker to build the image.

The Dockerfile is posted for reference with steps to create the production image. We leverage Docker’s Multi-Stage Builds to create a smaller-sized image for running the production server.

# Stage 1: Base
# This stage is the first stage
FROM node:20-alpine AS base

# Switch to the app directory,
# this will be our app's root directory inside the container
WORKDIR /app

# Copy the manifest and lock file to the root
# Note: ./ refers to /app, since we switched context in the above step
COPY package.json package-lock.json* ./

# Install the dependencies
RUN npm ci

# Set the NODE_ENV to production
# to configure the application to build/run under production mode
ENV NODE_ENV=production

# Copy all the files from our machine to the container
COPY . .

# Run the build to create production assets
RUN npm run build

# Stage 2: Production
# Now we build a new stage from scratch to run the nginx server
# This won't include any images from the previous steps
FROM nginx:alpine AS production

# The port you'd like to use for Nginx
ENV PORT=4200
# The URL for the backend service
ENV BACKEND_HOST=host.docker.internal
# Port for the backend
ENV BACKEND_PORT=4500

# Copy the template we created earlier for nginx to the etc folder
# note the destination file name should be default.conf.template
# else the variables in the config won't work
COPY nginx.conf.template /etc/nginx/templates/default.conf.template

# Since we started a new stage, we need to copy the build from the
# build step to the nginx's html directory. Note we have configured
# this directory in the nginx config file
COPY --from=base /app/dist/angular-project/browser /usr/share/nginx/html

# Expose the port the nginx is running to the outside world
EXPOSE ${PORT}

# Start the nginx server
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

Now you can build and run the Docker image. To build the Docker image:

docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t angular-app:latest .

This command builds the angular-app image for platform linux/amd64 and tags it as latest.

If you are locally testing your application, you can skip the platform key to build the images:

# only for testing in local machine
docker build -t angular-app:latest .

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Run the Docker Image

Let’s run the Docker container using the image created of the Angular application with the command below.

docker run \
  -it \
  --rm \
  --name angular-app \
  -e PORT=4200 \
  -e BACKEND_PORT=4500 \
  -e BACKEND_HOST=host.docker.internal \
  -d \
  -p 4200:4200 \
  angular-app

• -it: Enables interactivity with TTY.
• --rm: Tells the Docker Daemon to clean up the container and remove the file system after the container exits.
• --name angular-app: Names the container angular-app.
• -e PORT=4200: Sets the environment variable PORT in Docker to 4200.
• -e BACKEND_PORT=4500: Sets the environment variable BACKEND_PORT in Docker to 4500.
• -e BACKEND_HOST=host.docker.internal: Sets the environment variable BACKEND_HOST in Docker to host.docker.internal.
• -d: Runs the container in detached (background) mode. You can skip this flag to see the logs directly in your terminal window.
• -p 4200:4200: Maps port 4200 on your host to port 4200 in the container.
• angular-app: The name of the image.

After running the command, visit http://localhost:4200 to see the Angular application running inside the Docker container.

Hurray 🎉. Now we have created and packaged an Angular app for production use.

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Done 🎉

You can now commit and push the Dockerfile to your git repo. Create a service now to point at the git repository and branch name to deploy this image.